Internal-combustion engine



May 4,1926. f 1,583,669 G. K. DAVQL INTERNAL COMBUS TION ENGINE Filed Augustv 5. 1921 l 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 HE. 2. 21 13 1415 '5 29 19 20l 33 22 I3] 24 |12 23 afge E By tmzegs Y tainnew and useful Improvementin Inter- Patented May 4, 1926.1

UNITED STAT Es PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE x. Davor.,

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Aliplicatin. led August 5, 1921. Serial N0. 489,980.

To all whom 'it may con/cem.'

Be it known that I, GEORGE K. Davon, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented a cer- -nal-Combustion Engines, of which the folwiz' is directed primarily `panying drawings,

lowing is a full, clear, concise, and exact descrlption, reference being had to the accomforming a part of this specicatlon.

My invention has to do with englnes'of In my 'co-pending application, Serial No. 490,218, filed Aug. 6, 1921, I have illustrated and described an engine of this type. The present disclosure to a combined and simplied valve holding body and injector.

'1 YOne of the objects of my -inventlon 1s the production of an engine, free fromthe complication 'of mechanism commonly found 1n en ines of this type.'

y'invention is applicable to engines oprifferating on either the four-stroke'cycle or o'n 2i-5h`rthe two-strokecycle, and has particularly to do with engines in' which a separate airconlpressing cylinder for compressing the 1njection air issuppliedfor each working cyllnder'. In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a wcrkmg Y and a compressing cylinder VFigure 2 is Vatomizing and injecting valve taken through its axial center.

Figures .3 and 4 are cross sections ofthe fuelatomi'zing and injecting valve taken on 'lines 3 3 and 4-4 of Figure |2 respectlvely.

Figure 5"is a detail'section of a modied arrangement, obtainable by a simple'readjustment of the parts shown in Fig. 1.

In the embodiment of my invention se lected for illustration, two cylinders, a workmosphere,

ed by mjg cylinder 1 and a. compressing cylinder 2, areformedin the cylinder casting 3 and are placed close together. The inlet valve 1" opens, in this instance, directly into the attrol communication withthe usual inlet manifold; The working cylinder has a piston 4 connected to the usual crank shaft by the connecting rod 5. The compressing cylinder is provided with a piston 6 which is connecthe rod 7 to any suitable means of operation, such as a crank on .thecam shaft of a sectional view o-the fue] formed on the although it could obviously con-- ythe engine, if i' the engine operates onthe four-stroke cycle, as in'my co-pending apor' sAN raANcrsco, CALIFORNIA. AssIGNonro ennuis A.

BROWN, or mNsDALE, ILLINOIS.

vplication herein above -referred to. Iflthe ated directly from the main crank shaft. f

lVith the' means of operating the compressing piston, my invention Yisnot essentially concerned.

Above the cylinder casting 1, a cylinder head 8 'is suitably secured, `c

osing the ends Y of bothworking and compressing cylinders. 7

An inlet valve 10 is carried in thecage 9 suitably secured in place in the head 8. This inlet valve 10 opens into the atmosphere, al-

though obviously it may be suitably connecti ed to the airsupply passages or manifold from which the main piston draws its sup- P1y are pierced on opposite sides/by bored holes' .having lthe same axis. On one side, a shouldered hole of'two diameters is formed between the compressing cylinder and the adjacent working cylinder, and directly opposite on the same axis a hole is formed in the Y Aexternal wall of the compressing cylinder.

The walls ofthe compressing cylinder cylinders. The body 11 is held in place and the large hole opening. through the external vwall of the compressing cylinder is sealed against leakage by the action ofthe gland 13 forced inward by suitable means, and

forcing the packing-14 vagainst `flange 15 body 11.' It will-be seen that the delivery valve holding body11 together with cap 23, passes completely through the clearance space of the cylinder 2'wi-th the cap extending into the clearance space of the working cylinder 1 and the outer endprojecting external to both cylinder; and that 'b'oth holesin the walls of the ,compressing cylinder are sealed against leakage.

Referring `particularlyvto Fio. 2, the valve holding body 11 has an axial hole 16 and a fuel nozzle 17 is fitted within 'this hole. This `fuel nozzle'17 is held in place by two screws, the head of one .ofwhich is shown at 18 in Fig. 2. These two screws vvpass through the flange 19 of the fuel nozzle and justjdescribed and be' deposited in the annu'-4 lar spacesurrounding the-inner end of the .the position ci 1 and '2;

pip@v 3 5. The reduced also throughthe connecting pipeand into the body -11 where they take hold. Connecting wit-h theaxial hole 16 is au air port 21.

This port is provided with a flexible fiat valve -22 secured by screws atone end.

to the body 11. This kvalve when seated covers and closes the port 21 against entry of air from the c linder 2. The'inn'er end of the valve bo y 11- enters the recessed cap 23 to which it is secured by screws 24.

This cap 23 extends into the working cylin- A space or recess 25 is formed inI the cap 23 and a tubular valve stop 26 projects into this recess. The valve stop has an axial passage .and also small radial holes 27 formed in it'. The inner end of the body 11 projectsinto the recess 25 to form a flat valve seaton which check valve 28 seats, said valve being free to move between this seat and the tubular st0p 26 This check valve hasanumber of small holes 29 near.

.shown in Figure 4, with the valve 22 on its 4 seat, the vplungers are dropped down free from contact with the valve with their lower ends extending beneath the body v11.

' If these plungers be raised from below, their heads will come in contact with the seating face of the `valve 222ml -raise it oii its .scat to uncover or openvthe ports 21;,v which is the' lpaits shown vin Figures The compressing piston' 6 .lower end ofthe plungers 31,

and lifting valve 22 oiltsseat.

The fuel nozzle 1 7 has an axial passagef within-it, which passage communicatf'asv with thepagage 3i 'in theconnector 20, by means made4 with the fuel' inner end ofthe fuel' .connection is.

nozzle hasjsmall radial holes Aer orifices 36 opening :axial passage 331.into -Y theA "annular space surrounding it. If' fuel-be forced by ,suitable pipe 35, it will pass through the passages fuelnozzle. Vv- 0,11 the kvupward or compressing stroke of the, .pijston ,6;1the 'airpreviously drawn has el projection 321m its -'upper f and its movementis so adjusted that near the upper end of its'stroke, the. projection -32 comes' in 'ccn- ',tctfwith the 1 .pushing themmpward particlescf :fuel .towardthe means through the fire-12.-

through the valve `10 alud entrapped within the cylinder 2 is compressed. Near the top or end ofthe-stroke of the piston, the projection 32 Comes in Contact Awith plungcrs 31 and the valve 22 is raised off its seat, uncovering port 21; The air compressed within the cylinder 2 then rushes through the port 21 and passage 16, picking up the fuel previously deposited there, which fuel is carried with `the air through the passage finally through the passage vinto the working cylinder 1, where withthe direction given to the final passageway ororifice 30, shown in the drawings, it'would impinge on the face of `the piston 4. The fuel, -in being carried throughthese broken passages oles 29 in the valve 28, holes 27, and

and orifices by Athe lrush of air, is finely atomized.

.The cap 23 forming the inner'end of the valve holding bod 11 and extending into the working cylin er, can be made of any length and `form desired withinliinits. It

can for example be.- lengthened `so Ithat it projects to the axial center of the workingl cylinder, and the final may be pointed directly in line with the cylinder axis, or any number of other modifications of this cap and its orifice 30 may be carried out.,

I n using the word cylinder passage or orifice 30 in this der' 'scription and the claims which follow I inl tend to designate. the chamber gether with a piston fitting a portion of it, sustains thepressure of air or compressed, or expanded within it, whether such chamber be actually of cylindrical form orother form. The. portion of the chamber not entered by the piston I- therefore refer toas a part of the cylinder or 'as the cleargases held,g

which, to-

ance space or compression chamber, thereof, as the case may be, although its form need 'not be cylindrical.

5 shows a. modified manner of in-l jecting the mixture of fuel and air intofthe cylinder to' produce a cylinder contents, er a between the igntible-niixture and an' excess of air within thecylinder. As there. j shown, the 'Enel orifice 30 lis directed tangens'tratification of the degree of separation tially relative to the cxglinder, and tlie'issuing atomized ueland xiii-'creates a whirling vortex, in this instance about the axis of the cylinder. Under `such conditions 'centrifugal action causes a stratification of the cylinder contents, throwing the hcavieruel whilekeeping the pure dir in the center.

.nder certain conditions this stratiiication of "the:cl'mrge'l is importantly desirable, as,in'a n engineoperating tion, it renders' possiblethe drawing cfa full, unthrottled, v'charge ofalii-*in'tov the .cylinder with the injection for degree' of separation or iight 'meer a mia.

vapor and unvaporized cylinder wall,

las

withelectric igni- Istr tively small quantity of fuel, the fuel forniing arelatively small quantity ofv rich lignitible mixture, which under theJ centrifugal stratifying action described, is Vthrown close to the cylinder walls, where a spark plug 3 7 can be conveniently located for its ignition.

Without further elaboration, the foregoing will so' fully. explain the gist `of inyin- `vention, that otherscmay,.by applying current knowledge readily adapt the same for use under various conditions of service.

It is, forinstance, not essential that the Valve 22 beof the construction Shown, as any form of valve may be used.

It should also be noted that while as de-vv scribed and shown, thevalve carrying body 11 passes directly through the upper end of the compressing cylinder, it could as well be placed at one side and pass througha side pocket or chamber, connected withgthe main cylinder space by a suitable o en passage.

These and many other mo iications may obviously be made without eliminating certain features which -may be properlysaid to constitute the essential items of novelty involvedin my invention, which itemsare intended to 'be defined and secured to me by the following claims. y

. I claim: v

1. Inan internal combustion engine, a working cylinder, a cylinder for compressing air to inject fuel, a piston moving in said compressing cylinder, I through the clearance space of .saidcoma body passing pressing cylinder and extending'into the clearance space of said working cylinder, aoperated delivery v'alve'on said mechanical y body, and means Vforl operating the said lde-y livery valve fromfmovement of said piston.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder, a cylinder for compressing airto inject fuel, a piston .moving in said compressing cylinder, a fuela atomizing. de-l vicepassing through the' clearance space of saidh compressing. cylinder, and extending into the clearance space of said working cy inder, a' mechanically operated delivery valve on said'device, means for operating' said valve from movement of said piston, and means for supplying fuel to -said device.

, 3. In an internal combustion engine, a working` cylinder, a cylinder for compressing air to inject fuel, a'piston moving in said compressing, cylinder, a body passing through the clearance space of said compressing' cylinder and having one end freely I open to the interior ofsaid working cylinder and its opposite end exterior to both cylinder, a mechanically operated valve on said body, said body.. .having passages vpithin it E i 'u... '1 i communicating with said: valve, and meansA for' operating said valve by -contact with said piston. p

4. In an internal combustion engine, '-1 working cylinder, acylinder for compressing air to inject fuel, a pistn movi-Iig in said compressing eylinder,apassageway' connectlng the clearance spaces of said cylinders, a`

'body fittingl into. and closing said passageway, a-meclianically operated va-lveon said body,l means for ope-rating said valveto 'contact with said piston, vand`mears forsupmechanically operated deliveryAvalve on said device, and means for operating said valve from movement of said piston.

6. In an internal combustion engine, a

wiorking cylinder, a eylinder'and piston for compressing air to inject fuel, said compress- 'ing cylinder having two cylindrical holes in its walls, one lof said holes opening in to said working cylinder and the other opening into atmosphere, a fuel atomizin device having 4cylindrical portions fitting in to and i closing said holes, a mechanically c'iperated'4 'valve-on said device, and mea'ns for operat- "ing said valve by contact with said piston within said compressing cylinder.. J

7. In an internal-,combustion engine, twov adjacent cylinders, one of said'cylinders having aligned holes in its walls, one-of said holes opening into Cthe other cylinder, and.

an injector passing through vboth holes.

8. In an internal combustion engine, a i

cylinder casting, defining two adjacent cylinders, and means defining a passageway entering 'tlieclearance space o f one cylinder Y and passingthrough the clearance spaceaof the other, and a fuel injection device filling .said passageway. L

-9. In combination, two adjacent cylinders, abody passing A'through the clearnce'space of one cylinder and entefingthe other, and

means in, and on said body fonmixing fuel with' air eompressedm oneof the cylinders and injecting thejmixture intothe other cylinder.

' In witness whereof, hI hereunto subscribe my name'tliis second day of'August, 1921.

' l GEORGE K. DAVOL. 

